Am I too Old to Learn a Second Language?

A READER'S RESPONSE:that your "yet-to-speak anything other than goo-goo
"It has been documented that the older one gets theand ga-ga" child understood far more than he was
more difficult it becomes to learn a foreign language."letting on?
MY COMMENTS:A chief problem is in the phrase, "language learning."
Actually, there is no credible evidence to show thatWhat most people do not realize is there is a
the older one becomes the more difficult it is to learndifference between language acquisition and language
a foreign language. This belief is almost an urbanlearning. Language acquisition, the ability to engage in
myth and is not linguistically sound.spoken fluency, involves a different area of the brain
It is an emotional issue that prevents adults fromthan does language learning.
trying and succeeding to learn Spanish.Language learning is what happens when you learn
Researchers Krashen, Long, and Scarcella showedgrammar rules, syntax, and constructions. It is what
that,someone does when he wants to learn to become
"Studies comparing the rate of second languagean exegete of written text. Language acquisition is
acquisition in children and adults have shown thatthe development of spoken fluency and is what
although children may have an advantage in achievingmost of us want to do: Speak the Language!
native-like fluency in the long run, adults actually learnOne comes before the other. Acquisition comes
languages more quickly than children in the earlybefore learning. Long before you knew the
stages. (Krashen, Long, and Scarcella, 1979)."difference between a verb and a pronoun, you had a
The conclusion this study draws is adults can develophigh degree of spoken fluency.
a working ability in the target language much fasterThink of my little friend Diego. When I met him here
than a child can. So just where did this hideousin Guanajuato, all he could do was say words. He
stereotype about adults learning foreign languagecould not construct a sentence. He was too young.
originate? It came from some very old science.But, he did what we all did when we learned our first
There used to be a theory on "brain development"language: we listened. This is how language acquisition
from the 1960's that taught that there was a "crucialcomes about. We have an intense period of just
period" an individual had before the brain lost itslistening. Then we try words. Soon, we experiment
"plasticity," making learning a second language toowith sentences while continuing to listen to everyone
difficult. (Lenneberg, 1967)around us until one day we can speak.
It was a belief that if you didn't get your secondDiego, from the time he was born (and maybe even
language learning done before puberty, your goosein the womb) until his fresh six years he has now, all
was pretty well cooked. Modern studies have shownhe did was hear Spanish. Non-stop bombardment of
though some differences between how a child andhis native tongue. Never once during his young six
an adult learns a second language do exist, the olderyears did he know a part of speech. Never did
learner has the distinct advantage. The adult learneranyone require him to parse a verb, write a
of Spanish can learn the language faster because ofsentence, or recite the parts of speech. He still can't
the following:read but is recognizing words. He has developed a
The adult's maturely-developed brain has the superiorHIGH DEGREE of spoken fluency and still cannot read
ability to understand the relationship betweenor write a word of Spanish or tell you the parts of
semantics and grammar.speech.
The adult's brain is more mature in its ability toThis is where we adults screw up. We take the
absorb vocabulary, grammatical structures, and tounsound, grammar-first approach and develop an
make more "higher order" generalizations andability to interpret and translate written text.
associations.However, we can hardly string two words together
The adult learner's better-developed brain is better atin speech. We are taught incorrectly. We are, in
"putting together all the pieces" with a moretraditional classes, taught using the wrong approach.
developed long-term memory.Just think of having the spoken fluency of a
The biggest obstacle for the adult is the emotional6-year-old Mexican child! I would kill for that. And yet,
factor. Adults have bought into the myth that theywhat do we adults do? We pay for classes that
just cannot do it. They are also afraid of makingrequire us to learn translation techniques and wonder
fools of themselves. I have often thought this is thewhy we spent all that money when we cannot
reason children seem to learn Spanish faster thanspeak the language?
adults do-they are not afraid of the embarrassmentA school in Zacatecas, Mexico, uses the Krashen,
factor.Long, and Scarcella approach. Its textbooks utilize the
Children also seem to learn Spanish faster because oflinguistic science I have alluded to in this article. I
the natural method to which they resort. Theywould recommend this school above all others since it
approach learning a foreign language in the identicalis sound in its science and teaches language
manner they did when they learned their nativeacquisition first and then language learning second.
language. If you have children, you witnessed thisGo to Google and type in: Fenix Language Institute.
event. Was there not a time when you just knew