The History of Brazilian Jiu-jitsu - Pt. 3

The Gracies face oppositionThe Gracie's were notscreamed. Adema wobbled, and stepped back, and
the only ones doing Jiu-Jitsu in the world during thetried to run with the ropes on his back. I chased him
1900's, and certainly not the only one's doing Jiu-Jitsuthrowing kicks and open hand strikes. He returned
in Brazil, they were just the most popular. Earlyhead butts and elbow strikes. But, neither of us was
members of the Gracie family in Brazil were politicalable to deliver a decisive strike. Maybe we were both
figures and very involved in the community whereexhausted, or maybe the blood in our eyes
they lived. Among Helio's first students wereprevented us from aiming clearly at the target. After
Governor of Rio, Carlos Lacerda, and President, Joaoall, the 40 minutes ran out, and the match ended in a
Figueiredo. There were many Japanese immigrantsdraw. It was my first Vale Tudo experience. That
practicing Judo and Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil and a new formnight, my face was badly swollen. I had a number of
of "free fighting" was also developing in Brazil at thiscuts on my face. Every time I breathed, an
time. The Brazilians developed a system of fightingexcruciating pain ran through my belly, and I could
called Luta Livre (Free Fight), and if you ask a Gracie,not sleep. I received an injection from a doctor, and
they might tell you that Luta Livre is from Jiu-Jitsu, ifcooled my belly with a cold towel all night. However, I
you ask a Luta Livre practitioner, he might tell youlearned a very important lesson in this fight. That is,
something different. There is a large rivalry betweenone must never fear death. If I had not had the iron
the two styles, but the truth of the matter is thatwill to fight despite the possibility of getting killed, his
the styles are very similar. I heard from a fewhead butts would have torn my intestine into pieces."
sources that Luta Livre was developed from- (From My Judo, by Masahiko Kimura , 1985)Carlson
Wrestling and Judo in Brazil. Luta Livre is practicedGracie Comments on his fights with Valdemar
without the gi or kimono. While I was in Brazil, ISantana:
passed down a street in Bahia (which is where"Valdemar was a student of the family for twelve
Capoeira also comes from) named after one of theor thirteen years. He fought more than 20 times for
great Vale Tudo (meaning "anything goes") fightersour academy. What happened was, he had a
of the mid 1900's named Valdimar Santana, who wasdisagreement with Helio Gracie, and they decided to
responsible for one of Helio Gracie's only defeats. I'vefight Vale-Tudo, and Valdemar won. In fact, I was a
heard some Brazilians call him a Luta Livre fighter,friend of his, and told him: "look Valdemar, we are
others say he was a Judoka, and the Gracies say hefriends, but now I can't let it pass, you beat Helio,
was a Jiu-Jitsu player. During Valdimar's fight withnow your going to have to fight me. I have nothing
Helio Gracie, after over an hour, Helio's corner wasagainst you, but in the ring, I'm going to beat the shit
forced to throw in the towel. I've read that Valdimarout of you!" And I did. I fought against him six times.
Santana was one of Helio's students, but have heardI won four times, and two were a draw. He was
different as well. Carlson Gracie would later avengetough shit. If it were today, he would be one of the
Helio's defeat by defeating Valdimar Santana in a Nobest fighters". (From O'Tatame magazine (Brazil)
Rules fight. The other famous victory over theTranslated by Tatiana Andres, 1997)Besides Helio's
Gracie family in the early part of the art'sdefeats (where it is interesting to note that he did
development occurred in 1951. After defeating anot actually submit to either opponent) the Gracies
famous Judo player named Kato, Helio issued aremained undefeated for the most part in Vale Tudo
challenge to another Japanese fighter named(no holds bared) matches, until another Japanese
Yamaguchi. Yamaguchi was concerned about takingfighter would give them some trouble. After the
the fight because he felt Helio would be hard topopularity of the Ultimate Fighting Championship in the
submit. A friend of Yamaguchi named MasahikoUnited States, Japan started to host a series of Vale
Kimura (5'6" 185 Lbs.) stepped up to face Helio in hisTudo tournaments, one fighter in particular started
place. The fight between Helio and Kimura resulted ingrabbing everyone's attention, and his name was
a win for Kimura by TKO after Helio's side threw inKazushi Sakuraba. Sakuraba was not the biggest
the towel. Kimura applied udegarami (a shoulder lockfighter on the scene, but he was creative and
now called the Kimura), an arm lock to Helio's leftexperienced. Sakuraba represented the sport of
arm, breaking it. Helio was commended for not givingJapanese Wrestling, which is very different from
up, but still suffered a defeat, nonetheless.American wrestling in many ways, the biggest
An interesting event occurred later in the 1950'sdifference being that Japanese wrestlers have an
when Kimura ended up facing Valdimar Santana in aoutstanding knowledge of submission holds. The
No Holds Barred Match. He describes the name of theWrestling style that Sakuraba practiced looked almost
fighter as Adema, but I assume that this is a spellingexactly like Jiu-Jitsu, and during my research for this
mistake made in the translation due to the descriptionbook, I've stumbled across more than one article that
being identical to Valdimar right down to the place hestates Sakuraba had trained Jiu-Jitsu quite
resided. Kimura describes the match in this excerptextensively. Sakuraba had been winning no holds
taken from his biography "My Judo". I debated for abarred matches against some formidable opponents
while about whether to include this, but it was soin Japan, including Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Black Belt Conan
interesting, hard to find in print, and so historicallySilvera, whom he beat with a Juji Gatame, or in
significant that I had to share it with you. ThisPortuguese, Chave Braco, a standard move in
excerpt really gives a lot of insight as to what wasBrazilian Jiu-Jitsu. It wasn't long before Sakuraba and
happening in Brazil during this time period, and givesthe Japanese press set their sights on the Gracie
an idea about how far ahead of the U.S. and Japanfamily. Sakuraba's first victory over a Gracie family
that Brazil was in Mixed Martial Arts fighting. The nextmember was over Royler. Sakuraba outweighed
two and three-quarter pages are taken directly fromRoyler by at least forty pounds. The fight ended in a
Kimura's book, My Judo."My opponent Ademavery controversial referee stoppage, over which
(Valdimar) Santana was a 25 year old black man, andRoyler appeared to be very upset about. The second
was a boxing heavy weight champion. He was 4thwas to Royce; this fight lasted about an hour and
dan in judo, and a capoeira champion as well. He wasthirty minutes until Royce's corner threw in the towel.
183cm had a well proportioned impressive physique.To Royce's credit, Sakuraba was not able to submit
His weight was close to 100kg. Bahia, where thehim and Royce fought very well. The third was to
match took place, is a port city where black slavesRenzo Gracie. Renzo was fighting very well until
were unloaded. The slaves were forbidden to carry aSakuraba applied the same lock he used to defeat
weapon. As a result, many martial arts wereRoyler; the lock was applied standing and when the
developed by them, I heard. Vale Tudo is one oftwo fell to the floor, the fall broke Renzo's arm. Once
such martial arts. In the south of Sao Paulo, proagain, the Gracie family member did not submit, and
wrestling is popular. But the farther one goes to thethe referee stopped the fight. The fourth was to
north, the more popular Vale Tudo becomes. HelioRyan Gracie who lost the fight after suffering an
Gracie, whom I had previously fought, was theinjury to his shoulder and after time expired by
champion in Vale Tudo. But Adema Santanajudge's decision. I have researched a couple of
challenged him the previous year (Note: 1957), andsources that claim a famed BJJ black belt named
after 2 hours and 10 minutes, Helio got kicked in theSergio Penha was actually training Sakuraba and that
abdomen, could not get up, and got knocked out.this aided him in his victories.
Thus, Adema had become the new champion. In ValeTo the Gracie family's credit, I have not seen
Tudo, no foul is allowed. 1 foul results in an immediatemembers of the Gracie family 'lose' very often.
disqualification. No shoes are allowed. When theThere are incidences in sport Jiu-Jitsu where a Gracie
fighters are separated, they are not allowed to strikefamily member will lose to another Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
with a fist, and they have to use open hand strikes.player, but that is Jiu-Jitsu losing to Jiu-Jitsu. Dan
But once they get in contact with each other, everyHenderson's victory over Renzo Gracie is one of the
type of strike is allowed but groin strikes. All types offew I can recall where anyone outside of the sport
throws and joint locks are legal. The winner isof Jiu-Jitsu or the art of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu defeated a
decided when one of the fighters is KO'd orGracie family member.Jiu-Jitsu has now developed
surrenders. Biting and hair pulling were illegal. Sincebeyond the Gracie family and with all appropriate
bare-knuckle punches are traded, taking direct 2 or 3respect and thanks to them, it moves forward and
hits in the eye means the end of the fight. I was toldprogresses through the teachings of instructors from
there have been many cases in which a fighter gotall parts of the world. It wasn't until this happened
hit in the eye with an elbow, and the eyeball poppedthat people from outside the art of Jiu-Jitsu started
out from the socket by half, and got carried to theclaiming victories over Gracie family members. By
hospital by an ambulance. Therefore, there wereintroducing the Brazilian style of Jiu-Jitsu to North
always 2 ambulances at the entrance of the arena."IAmerica, the Gracie family opened the door to great
have no choice. I will fight." I said. Then, the promoterfinancial rewards and the problems that would come
grinned, took out a form and told me to sign it. Yanowith success.Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was introduced to the
translated the content, which said, "Even if I die inUnited States in the 1970's, but was not made
this match, it is what I intended, and will not makepopular until 1993, when Royce Gracie defeated
anyone accountable for my death." I nodded, andopponents from other martial arts in a contest called
signed the form. On my way to the ring, someonethe Ultimate Fighting Championship. This type of
raised his arm and waved at me. It was Helio Gracie,fighting was known in Brazil as Vale Tudo (anything
whom I had not seen for several years. Helio was atgoes) and would later become known as NHB (No
the radio broadcast seat. He was the commentatorHolds Barred) here in the United States. The
of the match. The gong rang. Adema and I circledeffectiveness of the art form over so many others
the ring first. I lightly extended my fingers in amade Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu known to the martial arts
half-body posture, and prepared for his kicks. Adema,community and the world. This was America's first
also in a half-body posture, had tucked his chin,look at Mixed Martial Arts fighting. Unlike many other
tightened his underarms, as he would do in a boxingmartial arts, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu gained its reputation and
match. Once in a while, he delivered high kicks to mypopularity through effective fighting, not Hollywood
face."I blocked the kicks with my hands, andmovies.In November of 1993, a large number of
returned a kick with my right leg. Adema started toAmericans would get their first look at Brazilian
deliver right and left roundhouse kicks. I steppedJiu-Jitsu ... it wasn't pretty. For years in the United
back and dodged them, but suddenly, I received aStates, the Martial Arts community had been plagued
fire-like impact on my face. It was an open handby the mystique and misconception created by
strike. I had overlooked his hand motion, paying tooHollywood. I can remember getting into street fights
much attention to his kicks. When I got hit in theas a kid and having my opponent say "OK, no Kung
temple, and the core of my head became a blur, leftfu stuff!" thinking that if the other guy knew Kung
and right roundhouse kicks came. When I blocked hisfu, something terribly deadly would happen. This
right kick with my left hand, a tremendous pain rancouldn't be farther from the truth, and in 1993 we
through from the tip of the little finger to the backwould all find that out. To make a long and over-told
of the hand. I had jammed the finger. I traded kicksstory short, Royce Grace, a thin Brazilian, was pitted
with him. The entire audiences were standing withagainst champions of Kung Fu, Karate, Boxing,
excitement. Even in this situation, I was able to thinkKickboxing, Wrestling and a variety of other Martial
clearly. While I was thinking 'Adema is one level higherarts in a contest called the Ultimate Fighting
than I both in kicks and open hand strikes. In orderChampionship. Unlike the American No Holes Barred
to win, I must take the fight to the ground,' anothercontests of today, Royce had to fight up to 4 times
fast kick flew at my abdomen."I struck the kickin each tournament. There were no weight classes
down with left knife hand, and jumped in to deliver aand Royce was usually the lightest, sometimes being
head butt on his abdomen with a momentum thatoutweighed by 80 lbs. or more. There were very
could penetrate through his body. This must havefew rules: no eye gouging, no biting, and no time
had an effect on him. He covered his abdomen, andlimits. Although this would be The United State's first
stepped back while wobbling. I wanted to get closelook at Brazilian Jiu-jitsu vs. other styles of Martial
to him, throw him, get on top of him, and useArts, it was not the first time a ground fighting style
Newaza. If I succeed in this, I could use elbow strikeswould have the opportunity to show the superiority
and head butts. Adema recovered from the damage,of Grappling vs. Striking alone.In 1963, Gene Labell (a
and delivered a kick to my face again. I ducked theJudo player) faced a champion Boxer named Milo
kick, and jumped in for a clinch. I got in a tight clinchSavage, gaining a solid victory for Grappling
to prevent him from using knee kicks or elbowenthusiasts everywhere. The Ultimate Fighting
strikes. We traversed along the rope. All of a sudden,Championship was the catalyst for Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in
I received a head cracking impact. I experienced athe US, but after the initial boom of popularity, there
tremendous ear ringing, and got momentarilywould be a whole new world of problems to face.
unconscious. I received a head butt on my leftThe same entrepreneurial and capitalist ideals that
temple. It was a head butt from a side. I had thoughtmade America great would be a hindrance to the
that all the head butts would come from front. Iauthenticity and quality of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in the
never knew a side head butt. 'I cannot lose here. IUnited States. Carley Gracie (Carlos' son, Carlson's
must win even if I may die,' I thought. Driven by thisyounger brother and Roll's older brother) was the
will power, I tried to find a way to fight back. Thefirst to bring their Brazilian style of Jiu-Jitsu to the U.S.
referee then came in between to separate us. WeThe idea was born through his training of American
were already covered with blood. The fight wasMarines in Rio (in the early 1970's) and by 1972, he
brought back to the center of the ring again. Ademawas teaching Jiu-Jitsu in California. Rorion was the
threw a right open hand strike. I caught the arm andnext to come, opening his academy in California and
attempted Ippon-seoi. It seemed like I could score atrade marking the Gracie name. This action would
clean throw. However, it was a miscalculation. Welead to a huge problem in the family; Rorian was not
were both heavily covered with sweat as if a largeallowing any other members of the Gracie family to
amount of water had been poured onto our heads.use the name, and was also accused by family
Moreover, he had no jacket on. There was no waymembers of distorting the truth about the history of
such a technique could have worked under thesethe art, since he had claimed his father (Helio) was
conditions. His arm slipped through, and my bodyresponsible for the birth of the art.I have found
rotated in the air once forward, and landed on mythrough the research of this book that everyone has
back. 'I screwed up!' I shouted in my mind, but it washis/her own story, so it was most logical to go with
too late. Adema immediately jumped at me. If he gotcommon denominators to find the truth. Carley would
on my chest, he could freely strike my eyes, nose,later challenge Rorion to fight, as they had done
and chest with his elbows."I caught him in a bodywhen they were younger (Carley claims to have
scissors. I squeezed his body with full force hoping todefeated Rorion previously a total of eight times),
sever his intestine. Adema crumbled momentarily, butbut Rorion preferred to battle it out in court. This
did not surrender. Since the body scissors did notwas the second major split in the Gracie family after
finish him, I realized that I was in a disadvantageousthe first split between Carlson and Helio, but it would
position. When I lifted my head, hundreds of starsbe the first of many to happen in the United States.
flew out of my eyes. I took a straight punchRickson came to teach as well, along with the
between my nose and my eyes. It was an accurateMachado Brothers (who are related to the Gracie
intense punch. The back of my head got slammedfamily as cousins), both eventually separated from
onto the mat."Moreover, an intense head buttRorion due to some sort of business differences.
attacked my abdomen. It felt like my organs wouldActually, it was Rickson (considered by many to be
be torn into pieces. Once, twice, I hardened mythe champion of the family) who felt he should be
abdominal muscles to withstand the impact, andthe first Ultimate Fighting Champion, but Rorion was
waited for the 3rd attack. At the moment the 3rdin control of the early UFC's and decided it would be
head butt came, my right fist accurately caughtRoyce who would make the point to the American
Adema's face by counter. It landed between his nosepublic, and the rest is recent history.For More
and eyes. Blood splattered. I had also already beenInformation on this Subject, visit Simco is a Brazilian
heavily covered with blood. The blood interfered withJiu-jitsu Black Belt and author of several books on
my vision. 'Kill him, kill him!' the devil in my mindthe subject.